Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Inhibition of GRK2-PDE4D Axis Suppresses Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Hyperplasia and Alleviates Experimental Arthritis

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.100176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Grk2 -deficient mice relieved symptoms in CAIA. (a) Male Grk2 +/+ and Grk2 +/- mice were used to establish a CAIA mouse model as indicated. (b) Swollen joint count and (c) arthritis index of mice were recorded from the 0th day to the 12th day after intraperitoneal injection of mouse monoclonal anti-collagen-II 5-clone antibody cocktail. n = 5. (d) Representative photographs of paws (upper) and H&E staining (lower) of the ankle joint sections from different groups. Histopathologic changes include synovial hyperplasia (red arrowhead), pannus (blue arrowhead), infiltrating inflammatory cells (green arrowhead), and cartilage destruction (yellow arrowhead). (e) Histopathological score of inflammation, cartilage erosion, pannus formation, and synoviocytes proliferation of Grk2 +/+ and Grk2 +/- CAIA mice. n = 5. (f) Representative double-staining IF of PDE4D and GRK2 from the synovial tissues of normal and CAIA mice. (g) Quantification of vimentin and (h) PDE4D MFI in the synovial tissues of normal and CAIA mice. n = 5. (i) The levels of TNF-α in mice serum were measured by ELISA. n = 5. (j) Representative p-ERK and P65 IF staining in the synovium of CAIA mice. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least five independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: 2) Mouse collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model: For the induction of the mouse CAIA model, male Grk2 +/+ and Grk2 +/- mice (10-12-weeks-old) were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg of anti-collagen-II 5-clone antibody cocktail (53100, Chondrex, Redmond, WA, USA) on day 0, followed by a subsequent intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg lipopolysaccharide on day 3, as previously described .

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Double Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay